What is Inflow and Infiltration?
Inflow and infiltration (I&I) occur when rainwater and groundwater enter the wastewater system through manholes, pipe joints, concrete cracks, and other unintended pathways. Usually, this extra water is relatively clean, and it takes up valuable capacity in the larger system and places significant pressure on infrastructure.
Wastewater is defined as the composite of water and water-carried waste discharged into the wastewater (sewer) system. The wastewater system is designed to collect, transport and treat wastewater from homes and businesses.
Why does it matter?
Typically, the wastewater generated is from homes, businesses, industrial sites and institutions (e.g. schools and hospitals). However, during intense weather events, the stormwater system can become overwhelmed, which results in accumulating rainwater and groundwater entering the wastewater system.
What is the real impact?
Although a small amount of inflow and infiltration is okay, excessive amounts could lead to sanitary backups into homes and buildings. Additional amounts of rainfall entering the system must be pumped, transported and treated placing excessive pressure on the municipal and regional infrastructure.
Why is it hard to address?
Addressing I&I is a long-term challenge that requires considerable and ongoing investment in wastewater infrastructure and system maintenance. As the wastewater system ages, more I&I may occur naturally.
What can residents do to help?
Not every source of I&I can be eliminated, but we all can do our part. Keep rainwater and groundwater away from the sanitary system. It's tempting to connect your sump pumps to the sanitary line, but this practice can result in more sanitary sewer backups.